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OpenAR Framework for augmented reality in advanced maritime operations

Duration
–
Project type
Collaborative and Knowledge-building Project
Situational awareness support interface.

Situational awareness support interface.

Project description

Augmented reality technology (AR), makes it possible to enter digital information into your physical environment using digital glasses or information overlays over video. In maritime operations, a user must control advanced equipment at the same time as he or she monitors what is happening outside the ship's bridge. It is likely that AR technology can make such operations safer by reducing the time a user needs to look away from their environment to use digital systems.

AR is developing rapidly, but the technology is still immature in the maritime sector and there is a lack of knowledge about how AR can be safely used by industry. To solve this problem, we are exploring how to develop user-friendly, secure and efficient AR support for advanced maritime operations. OpenAR has established infrastructure to design augmented reality user interfaces on a distributed platform for VR collaboration.

The platform is based on results from the OpenVR research project. The platform has been expanded to make it possible to connect 2D design tools directly to display surfaces in a VR representation of maritime operations. We have established a VR twin of several ships where we can sketch AR interfaces in many workplaces. An AR navigation demonstrator has also been established which has been tested on a ship.

During the project OpenAR released the first open-source design guideline for AR supported navigation. It has been released as an extension of the OpenBridge maritime design guideline, which is in use all over the world. The guidelines have already been taken up by industry and are currently used in development for video overlays in remote operation centers, head up displays, projected displays on ships windows and video overlays on ships. The current solutions cover navigation. Further releases will cover support for maneuvering.

Participants

Publications

  • Oever, Floris Hendrikus Johannes van den; Fjeld, Morten; Orthmann, Bastian; Beek, Abel van; Nordby, Kjetil & Sætrevik, Bjørn (2025). A Field Study of Multi-User Augmented Reality to Facilitate Collaborative Ship Navigation. IISE Transactions on Occupational Ergonomics and Human Factors. ISSN 2472-5838. 13(2), p. 137–149. doi: 10.1080/24725838.2025.2477234. Full text in Research Archive
  • Mallam, Steven C.; Attarzadeh, Amin; Samanta, Akash; Bhattacharjee, Ankan & Nordby, Kjetil (2024). Using Eye-Tracking to Evaluate Novel Augmented Reality Applications for Maritime Operations. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting.. ISSN 1071-1813. 68(1), p. 1253–1253. doi: 10.1177/10711813241268744. Full text in Research Archive
  • Houweling, Koen Pieter; Mallam, Steven; Merwe, Gertjan Koen Van de & Nordby, Kjetil (2024). The effects of Augmented Reality on operator Situation Awareness and Head-Down Time. Applied Ergonomics. ISSN 0003-6870. 116. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2023.104213. Full text in Research Archive
  • Nordby, Kjetil; Fauske, Jon Erling; Gernez, Etienne & Mallam, Steven (2024). A User Interface Design Framework for Augmented-Reality-Supported Maritime Navigation. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (JMSE). 12(3). doi: 10.3390/jmse12030505. Full text in Research Archive

View all works in NVA

View all works in NVA

  • Fauske, Jon Erling & Nordby, Kjetil (2025). OpenBridge 6.0 AR framework. doi: https:/www.figma.com/community/file/1539167811791910040/openbridge-6-0-ar-framework. Full text in Research Archive
  • Gernez, Etienne; Fauske, Jon Erling & Nordby, Kjetil (2024). An online, real-time, collaborative, immersive tool for early-phase, operation-centric maritime design. Full text in Research Archive
  • Nordby, Kjetil (2024). Kjetil Nordby about OpenRemote, OpenBridge, AR and VR. [Internet]. Mass World News. Full text in Research Archive
  • Nordby, Kjetil (2023). Seeing AR through the eyes of a shipmaster. [Internet]. Lsser Focus World. Full text in Research Archive
  • Frydenberg, Synne Geirsdatter & Nordby, Kjetil (2024). Cultivating Serendipity in Design Complexity. Exploring Designs of Augmented Reality Technologies for Ship Bridges. Arkitektur- og designhøgskolen i Oslo. ISSN 9788254703700. Full text in Research Archive

View all works in NVA

Funding

Funded by The Research Council of Norway

Project number: 320247

Collaborators

OpenAR brings together operators Equinor and Technip FMC (FMC Kongsberg Subsea AS); ship and ship system designers Vard Electro, Blue CTRL and Kongsberg Maritime, regulatory bodies Norwegian Coastal Administration and Norwegian Maritime Authority, and academic AR and operation specialists The Oslo School of Architecture and Design, University of South East Norway and University of Bergen.

Published Jan. 30, 2025 12:57 PM - Last modified May 6, 2026 1:45 PM